MicroPython – 計測・解析ラボ

32X32画素のドット絵ディスプレイ完成

「32×8のフルカラーLEDマトリクスを４枚連結して32×32の表示器に(MicroPython)」の続編です。

ディスプレイをIKEAのフレームに納めました。光を和らげるためにダイソーのＰＰシート（乳白色、両面つや消し、０．７５／３９０×５５０ｍｍ）をLEDパネルの前に置いています。

外部電源から給電しているときにUSBケーブルでPCと接続できるようにマイコンボードをラズパイPicoに変更しました。

外部電源のACアダプターは5V 4AのPSE認証付きのものを使っています。

配線
外部電源 5V — LEDパネル 5V, Pico VSYS
外部電源 GND — LEDパネル GND, Pico GND
Pico GP14(19pin) — LEDパネル DIN

ドット絵のデータを別ファイルで管理できるようにプログラムを変更しました。

メインプログラム
ファイル名でドット絵のデータを指定します。画像によってスクロール方向を変えるためにforループの昇順や降順(reversed())を指定します。

from neopixel import Neopixel
import utime
from serial_pos import serial_pos
from read_dot_file import read_data

numpix = 1024 # 32*32 = 1024
din_pin = 14
strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")
strip.brightness(2)

def image_window(start_x):
    for y in range(32):
        for x in range(32):
            px_pos = serial_pos(x,y)
            img_pos = y * 96 + x + start_x
            pal=image[img_pos]
            strip.set_pixel(px_pos,(palette[pal][0], palette[pal][1], palette[pal][2]))
    strip.show()

while True:
    (palette,image) = read_data('fab.py')
    for start_x in range (64):
            image_window(start_x)
    utime.sleep(2)
    (palette,image) = read_data('mario96a.py')
    for start_x in reversed(range (64)):
            image_window(start_x)
    utime.sleep(2)

from neopixel import Neopixel

import utime

from serial_pos import serial_pos

from read_dot_file import read_data

numpix = 1024 # 32*32 = 1024

din_pin = 14

strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")

strip.brightness(2)

def image_window(start_x):

for y in range(32):

for x in range(32):

px_pos = serial_pos(x,y)

img_pos = y * 96 + x + start_x

pal=image[img_pos]

strip.set_pixel(px_pos,(palette[pal][0], palette[pal][1], palette[pal][2]))

strip.show()

while True:

(palette,image) = read_data('fab.py')

for start_x in range (64):

image_window(start_x)

utime.sleep(2)

(palette,image) = read_data('mario96a.py')

for start_x in reversed(range (64)):

image_window(start_x)

utime.sleep(2)

ピクセルの(x,Y)座標とシリアルLEDの番号を変換する関数

# 横32ピクセル縦8ピクセルのシリアルフルカラーLEDマトリックスを
# 上下方向にに４枚連結した32X32LEDマトリックスで
# 座標(x,y)に対応するシリアルフルカラーLEDの番号を返す

def serial_pos(x,y):
    if x < 0 or x >= 32:
        x = 0
    if y < 0 or y >= 32:
        y = 0
    if y < 8:
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 768
        
    elif y < 16:
        y = y - 8
        x = 31 - x
        y = 7 - y
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 512
        
    elif y < 24:
        y = y - 16
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 256
        
    elif y < 32:
        y = y - 24
        x = 31 - x
        y = 7 - y
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 0
    else:
        pos = 1023
    return(pos)

# 横32ピクセル縦8ピクセルのシリアルフルカラーLEDマトリックスを

# 上下方向にに４枚連結した32X32LEDマトリックスで

# 座標(x,y)に対応するシリアルフルカラーLEDの番号を返す

def serial_pos(x,y):

if x < 0 or x >= 32:

x = 0

if y < 0 or y >= 32:

y = 0

if y < 8:

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 768

elif y < 16:

y = y - 8

x = 31 - x

y = 7 - y

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 512

elif y < 24:

y = y - 16

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 256

elif y < 32:

y = y - 24

x = 31 - x

y = 7 - y

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 0

else:

pos = 1023

return(pos)

ドット絵のファイルを読み込む関数

# ドット絵ファイルからpaletteとimageを取り出す

def read_data(name:str):
    file_name = f'/{name}'
    f = open(file_name, 'r') # PicoW内に保存されたHTMLファイルを開く
    text = f.read()              # コンテンツを読み込む
    f.close()                    # ファイルを閉じる

    text=text.replace('\r\n', '\n')

    pos = text.find('palette') # textをイメージ部分とパレット部分に分割する
    img_text = text[0:pos]
    pal_text = text[pos:]
    text='' # textは不要なので空にする

    img_text=img_text.replace('\n',',')
    
    length=len(img_text)
    if img_text[length-1] == ',':
        img_text=img_text[0:length-1] # 文字列の最後にコンマがあれば削除する
    image = [int(i) for i in img_text.split(',')] # コンマを区切りnにしてリストにする

    pal_text = pal_text[pal_text.find('\n')+1:] # 1行目を削除
    while ',,' in pal_text:
            pal_text = pal_text.replace(',,', ',') # 重複するコンマを1個にまとめる
    pal_text = pal_text.replace(',\n', '\n')

    palette = []
    while '\n' in pal_text:
        line=pal_text[0:pal_text.find('\n')+1] # 1行取り出す
        line=line[line.find(',')+1:line.find('\n')]
        rgb_list = [int(i) for i in line.split(',')]
        palette.append(rgb_list)
        pal_text = pal_text[pal_text.find('\n')+1:]
    return(palette,image)

# ドット絵ファイルからpaletteとimageを取り出す

def read_data(name:str):

file_name = f'/{name}'

f = open(file_name, 'r') # PicoW内に保存されたHTMLファイルを開く

text = f.read() # コンテンツを読み込む

f.close() # ファイルを閉じる

text=text.replace('\r\n', '\n')

pos = text.find('palette') # textをイメージ部分とパレット部分に分割する

img_text = text[0:pos]

pal_text = text[pos:]

text='' # textは不要なので空にする

img_text=img_text.replace('\n',',')

length=len(img_text)

if img_text[length-1] == ',':

img_text=img_text[0:length-1] # 文字列の最後にコンマがあれば削除する

image = [int(i) for i in img_text.split(',')] # コンマを区切りnにしてリストにする

pal_text = pal_text[pal_text.find('\n')+1:] # 1行目を削除

while ',,' in pal_text:

pal_text = pal_text.replace(',,', ',') # 重複するコンマを1個にまとめる

pal_text = pal_text.replace(',\n', '\n')

palette = []

while '\n' in pal_text:

line=pal_text[0:pal_text.find('\n')+1] # 1行取り出す

line=line[line.find(',')+1:line.find('\n')]

rgb_list = [int(i) for i in line.split(',')]

palette.append(rgb_list)

pal_text = pal_text[pal_text.find('\n')+1:]

return(palette,image)

ドット絵ファイルは表計算ソフトでCSV形式で保存して、拡張子を.pyに変更しました。こうすることでThonnyでファイルを開いてPicoに保存することができます。ドット絵は96×32でパレット番号を記入します。’palette’と書かれた１行後からパレットのデータをパレット番号、R値、G値、B値で指定します。

ラズパイpico内部に保存されたファイル（左下の枠内）

32×8のフルカラーLEDマトリクスを４枚連結して32×32の表示器に(MicroPython)

32×8のフルカラーLEDマトリクスは文字の大きな時計を作るのによく使っています。LEDマトリクスの値段は2022年5月の時点で2799円でした。

今回はそれを見ていたKさんから４枚連結して32×32でドット絵の表示器を作りたいとのリクエストがありました。それなりの値段になるので、Aliexpressで探すと1150円です。

32×32=1024個のLEDは全てフルに点灯するわけではありませんが、USBからの給電では不安なので5V 4AのAC/DCアダプター電源を使います。コネクタを使って４枚を連結します。

４枚を横に並べてコネクタで接続するとLEDは直列に接続されるので楽なのですが、縦に並べると下の絵のようになります。

(x,y)を指定するとLEDの番号がわかる関数serial_pos(x,y)を作って対応します。ドット絵のデータはimage1に書きます。1024個のデータなので大変だろうと思いましたが、エクセルファイルにドット絵を書き出すプログラムが公開されているようなので、カンマ区切りで出力してコピペの後少し修正すればそんなには面倒では無いようです。色はpalette14で指定します。

from neopixel import Neopixel
import utime

numpix = 1024 # 32*32 = 1024
din_pin = 14
strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")

def serial_pos(x,y):
    if x < 0 or x >= 32:
        x = 0
    if y < 0 or y >= 32:
        y = 0
    if y < 8:
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 768
        
    elif y < 16:
        y = y - 8
        x = 31 - x
        y = 7 - y
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 512
        
    elif y < 24:
        y = y - 16
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 256
        
    elif y < 32:
        y = y - 24
        x = 31 - x
        y = 7 - y
        if x % 2 ==0:
            pos = 8 * x + y
        else:
            pos = 8 * x +7 - y
        pos = pos + 0
    else:
        pos = 1023
    return(pos)

palette14 = [[0,0,0],[64,32,0],[64,64,0],[32,64,0],[0,64,0],[0,32,0],
             [0,64,64],[0,32,64],[0,0,32],[32,0,64],[64,0,64],[64,0,32],
             [64,64,64],[0,0,0]]


image0=[
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    ]

image1=[
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    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
    ]


def show_image(img):
    for y in range(32):
        for x in range(32):
            px_pos = serial_pos(x,y)
            img_pos=y*32+x
            pal=img[img_pos]
            strip.set_pixel(px_pos,(palette14[pal][0], palette14[pal][1], palette14[pal][2]))
    strip.show()

while True:
    show_image(image1)
    #utime.sleep(1)
    show_image(image0)
    #utime.sleep(1)

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

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127

128

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131

132

133

134

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137

138

139

140

from neopixel import Neopixel

import utime

numpix = 1024 # 32*32 = 1024

din_pin = 14

strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")

def serial_pos(x,y):

if x < 0 or x >= 32:

x = 0

if y < 0 or y >= 32:

y = 0

if y < 8:

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 768

elif y < 16:

y = y - 8

x = 31 - x

y = 7 - y

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 512

elif y < 24:

y = y - 16

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 256

elif y < 32:

y = y - 24

x = 31 - x

y = 7 - y

if x % 2 ==0:

pos = 8 * x + y

else:

pos = 8 * x +7 - y

pos = pos + 0

else:

pos = 1023

return(pos)

palette14 = [[0,0,0],[64,32,0],[64,64,0],[32,64,0],[0,64,0],[0,32,0],

[0,64,64],[0,32,64],[0,0,32],[32,0,64],[64,0,64],[64,0,32],

[64,64,64],[0,0,0]]

image0=[

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

]

image1=[

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

]

def show_image(img):

for y in range(32):

for x in range(32):

px_pos = serial_pos(x,y)

img_pos=y*32+x

pal=img[img_pos]

strip.set_pixel(px_pos,(palette14[pal][0], palette14[pal][1], palette14[pal][2]))

strip.show()

while True:

show_image(image1)

#utime.sleep(1)

show_image(image0)

#utime.sleep(1)

ラズパイPicoとMicroPythonでPWMコントローラー

PWM制御端子のあるクーリングファンで垂直風洞を作りました。JAXAの手作り風洞のパラメータを参考にして、ファンから少し離してハニカムの整流板を取り付けました。
https://www.yac-j.com/wp-content/themes/yac/pdf/labo/list/5.Experiment/5-8.pdf

翼付きの種子が風洞内で回転する様子を観察するための風洞なので、15cmの高さで風速が1/3、45cmの高さで風速が1/6になるように、開口を広げています。透明シートは100円ショップのB4サイズのカードケース(ハードタイプ)を使いました。

ファンは120mm角38mm厚で12V 2.1AのSanyo Denki America Inc.製の「9GV1212P1G01」(7500円程度)です。（１号機ではPC用で大風量のファンと言われている「CFY-12038PF」12V 0.45Aを使ったのですが、もっと風量が欲しかったので変更しました。）PWMは25kHzの0-5V信号が指定されていますが、ラズパイPicoの3.3Vパルスでも動いています。ハウジングとの固定にはM4長さ50mmを使いました。

電源は「VHBW 12V 5A ACアダプター 60W 5.5*2.5(2.1)mm AC100V-240V DC12V 電源アダプター内極性[+] 0.1A~5A汎用 PSE認証」にしましたが、とりあえず問題なく使えています。

12V電源だけでPicoも動かしたいので、手元にあった3端子レギュレータNJU7223F33で3.3Vを作ります。Picoは互換機のWaveshare RP2040-Zeroよりも外部給電での使い方が便利で、VSYSに1.8Vから5.5Vを接続できます。可変抵抗を回してPWMのDutyを変更します。また、現在のPWM値を視覚的に表現するために4×4マトリクスLEDの状態を変化させます。LEDの制御はneopixelライブラリを使用しました。

12V電源 —– NJU7223F33
接続なし —– Pin1(Vout 3.3V)
12V —– Pin2(Vin)
GND —– Pin3(GND)

Pico
VSYS —– 3.3V
GP15(pin20) —– Fan PWM
GP16(pin21) —– LED DIN
GP26(pin31) —– 可変抵抗器Pin2

可変抵抗器
Pin1 —– 3.3V
Pin2 —– Pico GP26
Pin3 —–GND

フルカラーLED 4×4マトリクス
VDD —– 3.3V
DIN —– Pico GP16
GND —– GND

Fan
Red —– 12V
Black —– GND
Brown —– Pico GP15

プログラム pico_fanControlMax.py

from neopixel import Neopixel
from machine import PWM, ADC, Pin
from time import sleep

pot = ADC(Pin(26))
#pot = ADC(0)
Fan  = PWM(machine.Pin(15, machine.Pin.OUT))
Fan.freq(25000)

black = (0, 0, 0)

m_0 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_1 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_2 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_3 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_4 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_5 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_6 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_7 = (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_8 = (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_9 = (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_10 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_11 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_12 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
m_13 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
m_14 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
m_15 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0)
m_16 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)

disp_num = (m_0, m_1, m_2, m_3, m_4, m_5, m_6, m_7, m_8, m_9, m_10, m_11, m_12, m_13, m_14, m_15, m_16)

numpix = 16
din_pin = 16
np_value = 64

def disp_mat(number):
    mat_hue = int(65536/17) * number
    mat_color = strip.colorHSV(mat_hue, 255, np_value)
    num = disp_num[number]
    for i in range(numpix):
        if num[i] == 1:
            strip.set_pixel(i,mat_color)
        else:
            strip.set_pixel(i,black)
    strip.show()
    return


strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")
strip.clear()
strip.show()
    
while True:

    pot_value = pot.read_u16() #0-65535
    f_pwm= int(pot_value / 65535 * 100)
    if f_pwm <= 15 :
        f_pwm = 15
    if f_pwm >= 90 :
        f_pwm = 90
    flow = int(f_pwm * (65535/100) )
    Fan.duty_u16(flow)
    disp_rank = int(f_pwm * (17/100))
    if disp_rank >= 17 :
        disp_rank = 16    
    disp_mat(disp_rank)
    sleep(0.1)
#     print(pot_value)
#     print(f_pwm)
#     print(disp_rank)
#     sleep(1)

from neopixel import Neopixel

from machine import PWM, ADC, Pin

from time import sleep

pot = ADC(Pin(26))

#pot = ADC(0)

Fan = PWM(machine.Pin(15, machine.Pin.OUT))

Fan.freq(25000)

black = (0, 0, 0)

m_0 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_1 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_2 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_3 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_4 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_5 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_6 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_7 = (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_8 = (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_9 = (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_10 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_11 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_12 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)

m_13 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)

m_14 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0)

m_15 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0)

m_16 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)

disp_num = (m_0, m_1, m_2, m_3, m_4, m_5, m_6, m_7, m_8, m_9, m_10, m_11, m_12, m_13, m_14, m_15, m_16)

numpix = 16

din_pin = 16

np_value = 64

def disp_mat(number):

mat_hue = int(65536/17) * number

mat_color = strip.colorHSV(mat_hue, 255, np_value)

num = disp_num[number]

for i in range(numpix):

if num[i] == 1:

strip.set_pixel(i,mat_color)

else:

strip.set_pixel(i,black)

strip.show()

return

strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, din_pin, "GRB")

strip.clear()

strip.show()

while True:

pot_value = pot.read_u16() #0-65535

f_pwm= int(pot_value / 65535 * 100)

if f_pwm <= 15 :

f_pwm = 15

if f_pwm >= 90 :

f_pwm = 90

flow = int(f_pwm * (65535/100) )

Fan.duty_u16(flow)

disp_rank = int(f_pwm * (17/100))

if disp_rank >= 17 :

disp_rank = 16

disp_mat(disp_rank)

sleep(0.1)

# print(pot_value)

# print(f_pwm)

# print(disp_rank)

# sleep(1)

PicoにはMicroPythonインタープリタをダウンロードし、ライブラリneopixel.pyと上記プログラム(pico_fanControlMax.py)をmain.pyという名前で保存します。

MicroPythonで大きな数字の時計を作る

2017年に作った時計がブレッドボードの接触不良で時々ハングするようになったので、ラズパイPico Wでリメイクしました。[ハングしていたように見えたのはNeopixelが1個死にかけていたためのようです。リメイクした後でも再発したので故障したLEDを見つけて交換しました。]

製作当時の記事は以下です。
http://keisoku-lab.mond.jp/2017/06/28/手作りの大型7セグメントフルカラー表示器を使っ/
http://keisoku-lab.mond.jp/2017/08/10/手作りの大型7セグメントフルカラー表示器デモ版/

当時はまだシリアルフルカラーLEDを32×8 で敷き詰めたユニットは高価だったので、テープ状のシリアルフルカラーLEDを7セグメントLEDのように配置して表示板を作りました。１文字14個で4桁なので56個のLEDを使いました。

配線は以下の3本だけです。
Pico W—–シリアルLED
VBUS —–+5V
GND —–GND
GP16 —–Din

シリアルLEDのライブラリは以下を使いました。
https://github.com/blaz-r/pi_pico_neopixel

NTPサーバーへの接続とPico Wが内蔵しているrtcの更新については以下の記事に書きました。

MicroPythonでラズパイPico Wと1.69インチTFT DisplayモジュールのNTP時計を作成

時計の機能
毎時0分にNTPサーバーに接続してrtcを更新します。
6時から21時59分までは明るく、それ以外は暗く表示します。
毎分45秒から次の5秒まで表示色をグラデーションで変化させます。

一応、狙い通り動いていますが、Pythonは使い慣れていませんのでアドバイスがあればohashi(アットマーク)mac.email.ne.jpまでお願いします。

import machine
import network
import ntptime_jp
import utime
from neopixel import Neopixel

#SSID = 'your SSID'
#PASSWORD = 'your Password'

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
while not sta_if.isconnected():
    pass

#+++++++_ntp_access_++++++++
#ntptime_jp.settime()
#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++

check_ntp = True
numpix = 56

strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, 16, "GRB")
strip.brightness(50)


PATTERN0 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13)
PATTERN1 = (0,1,8,9)
PATTERN2 = (0,1,2,3,6,7,10,11,12,13)
PATTERN3 = (0,1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
PATTERN4 = (0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9)
PATTERN5 = (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11)
PATTERN6 = (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)
PATTERN7 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9)
PATTERN8 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)
PATTERN9 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
seg8 = (PATTERN0, PATTERN1, PATTERN2, PATTERN3, PATTERN4, PATTERN5, PATTERN6, PATTERN7, PATTERN8, PATTERN9)


pattern_led_init = []
for i in range(0, numpix):
    pattern_led_init.append(False)


pattern_led = []
def time_pattern(hour, minute):
    disp_time = f'{hour:02}' + f'{minute:02}'
    pattern_led = pattern_led_init.copy()
    for pos in range(0,4):
        pos_num = int(disp_time[pos])
        position=3 - pos
        disp_num = seg8[pos_num]
        for num in disp_num:
            num = num + position * 14
            pattern_led[num] = True
    return(pattern_led)

pix_color=[]
delta = 65536/numpix
for pix_index in range(0, numpix):
    pix_color.append(strip.colorHSV(int(delta * pix_index), 255, 255))


while True:
    if (6 < utime.localtime()[3] < 21):
        strip.brightness(80)
    else:
        strip.brightness(20)
    
    hour = utime.localtime()[3]
    minute = utime.localtime()[4]
    pattern_led=time_pattern(hour, minute)
    
    for pix_index in range(0, numpix):
        if pattern_led[pix_index] == True:
            strip.set_pixel(pix_index,pix_color[pix_index])
        else:
            strip.set_pixel(pix_index,(0,0,0))
    
    strip.show()
    move_last=pix_color[0]
    del(pix_color[0])
    pix_color.append(move_last)
    utime.sleep(0.05)
    
    while(5 < utime.localtime()[5] < 45): # wait every 5 ~ 45sec
        if (check_ntp == True) and (minute == 0):
            ntptime_jp.settime() # access ntp server
            check_ntp = False
        if (check_ntp == False) and (minute >= 1):
            check_ntp = True

import machine

import network

import ntptime_jp

import utime

from neopixel import Neopixel

#SSID = 'your SSID'

#PASSWORD = 'your Password'

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

sta_if.active(True)

sta_if.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)

while not sta_if.isconnected():

pass

#+++++++_ntp_access_++++++++

#ntptime_jp.settime()

#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++

check_ntp = True

numpix = 56

strip = Neopixel(numpix, 0, 16, "GRB")

strip.brightness(50)

PATTERN0 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13)

PATTERN1 = (0,1,8,9)

PATTERN2 = (0,1,2,3,6,7,10,11,12,13)

PATTERN3 = (0,1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11)

PATTERN4 = (0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9)

PATTERN5 = (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11)

PATTERN6 = (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)

PATTERN7 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9)

PATTERN8 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)

PATTERN9 = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

seg8 = (PATTERN0, PATTERN1, PATTERN2, PATTERN3, PATTERN4, PATTERN5, PATTERN6, PATTERN7, PATTERN8, PATTERN9)

pattern_led_init = []

for i in range(0, numpix):

pattern_led_init.append(False)

pattern_led = []

def time_pattern(hour, minute):

disp_time = f'{hour:02}' + f'{minute:02}'

pattern_led = pattern_led_init.copy()

for pos in range(0,4):

pos_num = int(disp_time[pos])

position=3 - pos

disp_num = seg8[pos_num]

for num in disp_num:

num = num + position * 14

pattern_led[num] = True

return(pattern_led)

pix_color=[]

delta = 65536/numpix

for pix_index in range(0, numpix):

pix_color.append(strip.colorHSV(int(delta * pix_index), 255, 255))

while True:

if (6 < utime.localtime()[3] < 21):

strip.brightness(80)

else:

strip.brightness(20)

hour = utime.localtime()[3]

minute = utime.localtime()[4]

pattern_led=time_pattern(hour, minute)

for pix_index in range(0, numpix):

if pattern_led[pix_index] == True:

strip.set_pixel(pix_index,pix_color[pix_index])

else:

strip.set_pixel(pix_index,(0,0,0))

strip.show()

move_last=pix_color[0]

del(pix_color[0])

pix_color.append(move_last)

utime.sleep(0.05)

while(5 < utime.localtime()[5] < 45): # wait every 5 ~ 45sec

if (check_ntp == True) and (minute == 0):

ntptime_jp.settime() # access ntp server

check_ntp = False

if (check_ntp == False) and (minute >= 1):

check_ntp = True

MicroPythonでラズパイPico Wと1.69インチTFT DisplayモジュールのNTP時計を作成

MicroPythonの使い心地を知るためにRaspberry Pi Pico Wに安価な1.69インチのTFTディスプレイを接続してNTPで更新した内蔵RTC(リアルタイムクロック)の時刻を表示するプログラムを作りました。

Raspberry Pi Pico W (詳細情報はスイッチサイエンスの商品ページから辿ってください)

1.69インチのTFTディスプレイ (詳細情報はAliexpressの商品ページから辿ってください。400円程度で購入できるSPI通信の240×280画素のフルカラーディスプレイでインターフェースコントローラはst7789を使用していてします。)

配線
<TFTディスプレイ> ——– <Pico W>
GND ——– GND (18pin)
VCC ——– 3V3(OUT) (36pin)
SCL(SCLK) ——– SPI1SCK(19pin)
SDA(MOSI,SDI,DIN) ——– SPI1TX(20pin)
RES(Reset) ——– GP11(15pin)
DC(Data/Command) ——– GP12(16pin)
CS ——– SPI1CSn(17pin)
BLK(Backlight) ——– GP10(14pin)

st7789用ライブラリ
ST7789 Driver for MicroPythonとしてgithubに公開されています。Pico W用MicroPython Firmware （https://github.com/russhughes/st7789_mpy/tree/master/firmware/RP2W/firmware.uf2）をダウンロードして、Pico Wのブートボタンを押しながらPCのUSBポートに接続し、現れたUSBドライブにfirmware.uf2ファイルをドラッグ・ドロップします。

from machine import Pin, SPI
import st7789
import utime
import network
import ntptime_jp

SSID = 'yourSSID'
PASSWORD = 'YourPassword'

BACKLIGHT_PIN = 10
RESET_PIN = 11
DC_PIN = 12
CS_PIN = 13
CLK_PIN = 14
DIN_PIN = 15 # lower left corner

import romand as vector_font

spi = SPI(1, baudrate=31250000, sck=Pin(CLK_PIN), mosi=Pin(DIN_PIN))
tft = st7789.ST7789(spi, 240, 320,
    reset=Pin(RESET_PIN, Pin.OUT),
    cs=Pin(CS_PIN, Pin.OUT),
    dc=Pin(DC_PIN, Pin.OUT),
    backlight=Pin(BACKLIGHT_PIN, Pin.OUT),
    rotation=3)
tft.init()

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
while not sta_if.isconnected():
    pass
ntptime_jp.settime()

str_md_c = ""
str_hm_c = ""
str_s_c = ""
while True:
    time_now = utime.localtime()
    #print(utime.localtime())
    str_md = "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[1])) + "." + "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[2])) + "." + "{:>4}".format(str(time_now[0]))
    str_hm = "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[3]))  + ":" + "{:0>2}".format(str(time_now[4]))
    str_s = "{:0>2}".format(str(time_now[5]))
    if str_md != str_md_c :
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_md_c,50, 30, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 1.4)
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_md,50, 30, st7789.color565(255,255,255), 1.4)
        str_md_c = str_md
    if str_hm != str_hm_c :
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_hm_c,30, 130, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 2.8)
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_hm,30, 130, st7789.color565(255,255,255), 2.8)
        str_hm_c = str_hm
    if str_s != str_s_c :
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_s_c,200, 210, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 2.0)
        tft.draw(vector_font, str_s,200, 210, st7789.color565(255,0,255), 2.0)
        str_s_c = str_s

from machine import Pin, SPI

import st7789

import utime

import network

import ntptime_jp

SSID = 'yourSSID'

PASSWORD = 'YourPassword'

BACKLIGHT_PIN = 10

RESET_PIN = 11

DC_PIN = 12

CS_PIN = 13

CLK_PIN = 14

DIN_PIN = 15 # lower left corner

import romand as vector_font

spi = SPI(1, baudrate=31250000, sck=Pin(CLK_PIN), mosi=Pin(DIN_PIN))

tft = st7789.ST7789(spi, 240, 320,

reset=Pin(RESET_PIN, Pin.OUT),

cs=Pin(CS_PIN, Pin.OUT),

dc=Pin(DC_PIN, Pin.OUT),

backlight=Pin(BACKLIGHT_PIN, Pin.OUT),

rotation=3)

tft.init()

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

sta_if.active(True)

sta_if.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)

while not sta_if.isconnected():

pass

ntptime_jp.settime()

str_md_c = ""

str_hm_c = ""

str_s_c = ""

while True:

time_now = utime.localtime()

#print(utime.localtime())

str_md = "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[1])) + "." + "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[2])) + "." + "{:>4}".format(str(time_now[0]))

str_hm = "{:>2}".format(str(time_now[3])) + ":" + "{:0>2}".format(str(time_now[4]))

str_s = "{:0>2}".format(str(time_now[5]))

if str_md != str_md_c :

tft.draw(vector_font, str_md_c,50, 30, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 1.4)

tft.draw(vector_font, str_md,50, 30, st7789.color565(255,255,255), 1.4)

str_md_c = str_md

if str_hm != str_hm_c :

tft.draw(vector_font, str_hm_c,30, 130, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 2.8)

tft.draw(vector_font, str_hm,30, 130, st7789.color565(255,255,255), 2.8)

str_hm_c = str_hm

if str_s != str_s_c :

tft.draw(vector_font, str_s_c,200, 210, st7789.color565(0,0,0), 2.0)

tft.draw(vector_font, str_s,200, 210, st7789.color565(255,0,255), 2.0)

str_s_c = str_s

NTP時刻を取得するライブラリは時差を補正することができなかったので、ライブラリ内でJAPAN_TIME = 9*60*60を補正してRTCに書き込むことにしました。ntptime_jp.pyという名前でpico Wに保存しました。（オリジナルはmicropython-lib/micropython/net/ntptime/ntptime.py です。）

import utime

try:
    import usocket as socket
except:
    import socket
try:
    import ustruct as struct
except:
    import struct

# The NTP host can be configured at runtime by doing: ntptime.host = 'myhost.org'
#host = "pool.ntp.org"
host = "ntp.nict.jp"
JAPAN_TIME = 9*60*60
# The NTP socket timeout can be configured at runtime by doing: ntptime.timeout = 2
#timeout = 1
timeout = 2

def time():
    NTP_QUERY = bytearray(48)
    NTP_QUERY[0] = 0x1B
    addr = socket.getaddrinfo(host, 123)[0][-1]
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    try:
        s.settimeout(timeout)
        res = s.sendto(NTP_QUERY, addr)
        msg = s.recv(48)
    finally:
        s.close()
    val = struct.unpack("!I", msg[40:44])[0]

    EPOCH_YEAR = utime.gmtime(0)[0]
    if EPOCH_YEAR == 2000:
        # (date(2000, 1, 1) - date(1900, 1, 1)).days * 24*60*60
        NTP_DELTA = 3155673600
    elif EPOCH_YEAR == 1970:
        # (date(1970, 1, 1) - date(1900, 1, 1)).days * 24*60*60
        NTP_DELTA = 2208988800
    else:
        raise Exception("Unsupported epoch: {}".format(EPOCH_YEAR))

    return val - NTP_DELTA


# There's currently no timezone support in MicroPython, and the RTC is set in UTC time.
def settime():
    t = time()
    import machine
    tm = utime.gmtime(t + JAPAN_TIME)
    machine.RTC().datetime((tm[0], tm[1], tm[2], tm[6] + 1, tm[3], tm[4], tm[5], 0))

import utime

try:

import usocket as socket

except:

import socket

try:

import ustruct as struct

except:

import struct

# The NTP host can be configured at runtime by doing: ntptime.host = 'myhost.org'

#host = "pool.ntp.org"

host = "ntp.nict.jp"

JAPAN_TIME = 9*60*60

# The NTP socket timeout can be configured at runtime by doing: ntptime.timeout = 2

#timeout = 1

timeout = 2

def time():

NTP_QUERY = bytearray(48)

NTP_QUERY[0] = 0x1B

addr = socket.getaddrinfo(host, 123)[0][-1]

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

try:

s.settimeout(timeout)

res = s.sendto(NTP_QUERY, addr)

msg = s.recv(48)

finally:

s.close()

val = struct.unpack("!I", msg[40:44])[0]

EPOCH_YEAR = utime.gmtime(0)[0]

if EPOCH_YEAR == 2000:

# (date(2000, 1, 1) - date(1900, 1, 1)).days * 24*60*60

NTP_DELTA = 3155673600

elif EPOCH_YEAR == 1970:

# (date(1970, 1, 1) - date(1900, 1, 1)).days * 24*60*60

NTP_DELTA = 2208988800

else:

raise Exception("Unsupported epoch: {}".format(EPOCH_YEAR))

return val - NTP_DELTA

# There's currently no timezone support in MicroPython, and the RTC is set in UTC time.

def settime():

t = time()

import machine

tm = utime.gmtime(t + JAPAN_TIME)

machine.RTC().datetime((tm[0], tm[1], tm[2], tm[6] + 1, tm[3], tm[4], tm[5], 0))

フォントはst7789_mpy/fonts/vector/romand.pyをPico Wに保存して使いました。